Wednesday, 19 August 2015


WORK BRINGS SOLACE

            A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, a distinguished scientist, took charge as a President of India in July 2002. His name is associated with the development of India’s first satellite launch vehicle SLV-3, and the ‘Agni’ missile. He advocated plans to develop India into a developed nation by 2020. He has received many honorary doctorates and the Padma Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990) and Bharata Ratna (1997). He is a voracious reader, writes poetry and plays the Rudra Veena.
           
 Recollecting the journey with a rocketry genius, Wernher Von Braun, Kalam speaks how he could make his vision his religion and mission for success. Kalam was fortunate of flying in an Avro aircraft with Wernher Von Braun from Madras to Trivandrum. Wernher Von Braun was a scientist, designer, product engineer, administrator and technology manager, all rolled into one. Kalam was filled with awe that he was travelling with a giant of missile systems. During his journey Kalam observed that the father of modern rocketry to be so humble, receptive and encouraging. Wernher Von Braun questioned him about the missile work of Kalam and listened to his replies with rapt attention like a student. Wernher Von Braun suggested Kalam that one doesn’t just build on success, but also on failures. He advised him that mere hard work cannot fetch honor. Wernher Von Braun was so self-effacing that his personality made Kalam feel comfortable throughout their journey.
           
 With the encouragement of Wernher Von Braun, Abdul Kalam was lured towards his goal. He wanted to complete his mission of creating SLV, a genuine Indian design. Mean while three deaths of his family depressed him a lot. To overcome all these, he needed total commitment to work. He gave up everything outside SLV circle; (no family, no friends, no more weekends or holidays etc...) he had kept a hold button on his life which throws light on his single-minded devotion towards his goal.
           
 Individuals like Kalam are often called ‘workaholics’. He objects the term which implies an illness. He admits that the desire to work at optimum capacity leaves hardly any room for anything else. In his opinion, total commitment is the common denominator among all successful men and women.
            
‘Flow’ is an overwhelming and joyous experience while working with total involvement. During flow, action follows action avoiding distraction demands on one’s attention. The distinction between self and activity disappears. Although they were working very hard, they were relaxed, energetic and fresh. It was the fact that even the difficult targets they had set actually seemed achievable for his team.

            Kalam felt tremendous surge of confidence over the SLV-3 project. The first requirement to get into flow is a challenging work. It makes him realise that he is performing a task better today than he did yesterday. The other pre-requisite for being in flow is an uninterrupted span of time. It is very difficult to switch into the flow state in less than half an hour. There were occasions when without being conscious of his hunger, Kalam and his team worked on in a state of flow. Thus, Kalam opines that the single-minded devotion to work brings success.




Reference: -  http://bhashyameng.blogspot.in/

Tuesday, 11 November 2014


How to make Anchoring...

Dear students,

I would like to suggest you how to make the role of anchoring and how easy it is after all.

As a potential student of Engineering you should also know how to play the role of anchoring. If you are able to take up anchoring in any function like freshers day or seniors day or during the time of any college cultural party, you will certainly enhance very good communication skills. A good Communication skill in English is very essential now to get a good job. So have this brief method to make the role of anchoring.

At first:

--> (say) I Welcome to the auspicious occasion of today's fresher’s day party(or any other)to all of you...

-->Next- I feel it my honor to perform the role of anchoring before all of you (or) I feel so happy to share this pleasurable time with all of you...

-->Next- In this joyful occasion we will have a lot of fun & entertainment. Before that we will have the greetings & messages of our Honorable Principal, H.O.D.& our distinguished staff. Let's make it a great time for all of us. Shall we? (students say yes)

-->Next- Invite all the guests to the dais like this:-

* (say) Now let me invite all the guests of today's function onto the dais.

1. First I would like to invite our honorable Principal (Prof.......) to come onto the dais, take his respective chair. Please come sir.

2. Now I take the pleasure of inviting our beloved H.O.D (Prof.....) to come onto the dais.

3. May I request (name of the faculty) sir to come onto the dais & take your respective seat.

4. I feel it my honor to invite (name of the faculty) sir/madam to come onto the dais &take your respective seat. (like this invite d guests onto d dais. O.K?)

5. I feel it my immense pleasure to invite Prof. ...................... to come onto the dais.

-->Next Invite one of your senior classmates come to the dais, sing any cultural song (or)"vandemataram" song (or) any other song to begin the program. (a girl student is preferable here)

-->Next:-Request your principal first to give his message or to share a few words with all of you.

Say like this:-

Now I request our honorable principal sir to share a few words with us.

Later H.O.D, staff.

(after their message, say, thank you for your speech/ message sir.)

-->Next invite a few students also to the dais if they want to share their views. (Don’t neglect this one.O.k?)

-->Later you can start your cultural programmes. Okay?

-->If then your Principal, H.O.D. want to leave the place, don't forget to thank them for their visiting your function.

Just say- We thank you for your presence in this party sir.

-->That's how you can make the anchoring role in a very simple way.

-->While doing anchoring, don't forget to maintain smile on your face, and don’t showcase any tense, anxiety on your face.

--> Use simple English. Need not to speak difficult words or sentences.

That's it. Just make an attempt in any occasion. Anchoring role is a kind of skill that lessens your stage fear, makes you a special student. Of course, you will become the center of attraction among all the students. It is pretty easy to do in fact.

So, are you ready to do it?



Yours,
Vali Basha Shaik
M.A. English, B.Ed, M.Phil (pursuing)
Asst. Professor of English
Guntur.


Monday, 10 November 2014



 The plight of working as a faculty in Engineering Colleges in the current scenario- an Article.

Dear Friends,

I would like to share my views with you on this article, which may sense the Engineering students and their parents, faculty of Engineering education, the management who run these colleges and of course, the auspicious students who want to join the web of Engineering world...
    
During the early years of engineering education, working as a faculty is a matter of great respect. They enjoyed a great respect, experienced lot many privileges as faculty. They were well paid, given other financial allowances like semester exam invigilation amount and other things. Salaries were paid in very first week of every month. There were no unqualified faculty in the colleges. The faculty were resourceful, potential, knowledge seekers. Students would respect them, like them like anything. They dared not sit in the presence of their faculty and hardly mock at them.
    
But now, all the above mentioned things have extinguished. In most of the current Engineering colleges of A.P. the faculty are very meagerly paid, and that too, salaries are paid once in two months, in worst cases once in three months. It is also fact that very few colleges of A.P. pay external exam invigilation amount and lab exam conduction amount to their faculty, though they deserve it. I think there are very few colleges in A.P., in which the faculty inwardly respect their management due to these reasons.
    
Of course, faculty should possess required qualification and good teaching skills along with sound subject knowledge. In the recent years there are very few potential, skilled faculty in most of the colleges. They use rigid methods of teaching, don't make the students involve in the subject they teach. But, the management, pitily, don't ever concern the competencies of their faculty. They don't bother whether the faculty concerned really has good teaching skills or not. In order to recruit a faculty into the college, Principals, H.O.D.s and other officials take the caste, religious, locality of the employ into consideration. It is totally absurd, I feel. The faculty recruited basing on their caste, religion and locality is very disgusting to know. Isn't it? It is a naked truth that in most of the current Engineering colleges in A.P., a resourceful faculty is less paid than a recommended candidate under the shade of caste, religion etc. What about their teaching & subject standards? What kind of knowledge do they deliver to their innocent students? Unfortunately, these are unanswerable questions in engineering colleges. In fact, they possess very poor subject knowledge. Not to talk about their English proficiency. They hardly speak in English in the class& with the students.
    
 It is true that students respect the teacher who sincerely teaches them with a commitment to make them potential 'students’. Unfortunately we have very less number of teachers like this. That might be the reason, Engineering students hardly respect their faculty both in teacher's presence and absence; outwardly and in their soul...

      Another problematic thing in most of the Engineering colleges is B. Tech graduates teach to B. Tech students, which I haven’t been figured it out until now. How can a graduate student officially teach B. Tech students? Can this faculty justify their job? Poor students, they don't know these ground realities prevailed in their college. Even they sense these things, they can do nothing as approaching to the management in this regard is useless and if the students go for extremes, it is inevitable that their certificates might be in danger in due course and their Degree itself will be screwed up. I have heard of it through some Engineering students who have come across me.
What about, in general, the functions of Engineering faculty? It is pitiable to know that the faculty, now-a-days, not only have to perform the job of teaching but clerical works, even attender works in the worst case. It is prevalent now in almost all the Engineering colleges in Andhra Pradesh.
I'm not saying that the faculty should have a great deal of free time to rest. I recommend that the faculty should have a reasonable leisure time to think of innovative methods of teaching their subject, to think of conducting seminars, presentations, debates, and workshops etc. which are beneficial for students. It is true that most of the current Engineering graduates possess only bookish knowledge. They don't have the practical knowledge of their course. In fact faculty should instill this practical knowledge in the students, who should become the successful engineers of India. This is what exactly lagging in our most of the so called Engineering colleges.

     In their non-teaching hours, in general, the faculty are always hooked in clerical works like writing attendance registers, course files, student mentor books, faculty books and the so called giant NAAC files. If they always do these things, where is the scope for the faculty to think of innovative methods of teaching...? I am not saying all these things are unnecessary. But these things shouldn't involve faculty to do them painstakingly. The managements may think that faculty should think of innovative teaching and other experiments at home. But practically, it doesn't afford faculty to find time do these things at home. Because of their busy involvement in these unproductive activities, the faculty have forgot to think and implement any productive experiments during their class hours. Hence, the result is, students feel boredom of listening casual, traditional, inactive, teacher-centered classes. That's why very few students pay attention to their teaching, focus on their course.

     I would like to recommend that the faculty should be given a reasonable leisure time to do something for the progress and potentiality of the students. Of course management, here, should seek the faculty's tasks every now and then by conducting staff meetings. If it happens, every faculty will certainly put their efforts to enhance their subject knowledge thereby implement a few innovative experiments for the sake of the students. Otherwise, teachers just remain as faculty not as scholars in their subject, and students’ standards will not be improved. Students possess mere knowledge; will only be treated as nominal degree holders during the time of interviews.
That's it friends... This is what I felt and noticed in the Engineering web as a faculty. 


I hope my views on this article make sense to you at least.

Yours,
Vali Basha Shaik
M. A.,B. Ed. M. Phil (pursuing)
Asst. Prof of English

Guntur.

 


The Prevalence of Caste-religion mania in India- an Article.

Dear friends, 

I would like to share my views with you about the Caste& religion System that has deep-rooted in the life of Indians.
     The word "Caste", literally means -any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of the societies. And “Religion” means- any practice that someone or some group is seriously devoted to. In fact these two things are meant for a general identity of the people, to identify one another (besides our religious worship). But, unfortunately, these two words matter more than 'identity' to us. Let me substantiate my views.
     Wherever we go, whomever we meet, whatever we do for our comfort we bother 'our caste or religion’, take them as an important consideration. Government has given reservation to certain backward class& caste people. Of course, that is undoubtedly for their welfare. But, we, in general, apply this 'caste& religion reservation' in education sector, job recruitment, politics, marriage proposals, the locality where we live, entertainment, and even in providing any service; money-paid service or free service.
     When a group of employers attempt any interview to try their luck, most of the interviewers, look into the details of employers' caste or religion information besides their academic& experience details. It is a fact that most of the interviewers (mostly in private sector) entertain only the candidates belong to their own caste or religion. In this regard 'caste' of the employ plays a vital role more than religion. Interviewers don't bother whether their selected 'caste-influenced' employs possess the required competencies of the job. Now, this is vividly noticeable in Engineering College faculty recruitment.
An unskilled, tactless employ, manages to get a job, gets more salary than a potential, skilled employ on the grounds of caste-religion influence. Can this influenced employ justify his job duties? Be it an example, can a caste/religion favoured faculty justify his/her students?
        In education sector too we find number of caste or religion-driven students and faculty. A Reddy parent wishes to join his son/daughter only in a college established by Reddys, likewise Naidus, Kammas, Kapus, and Chowdaries; in religion level too Muslim parents in Muslim colleges, Christian parents in Christian colleges. A Muslim faculty (in private sector) hardly find a job in a college established by Christians and vice-versa. Noticeable issues are evident that the faculty too unmindfully maintain this caste-religion domination, especially among themselves.
     In politics, most of the people vote for the candidates who belong to either their caste or religion. This is prevalent in almost all over India. In all sectors of elections, a Naidu voter only vote for Naidu candidate, likewise Reddys to Reddy, BC's to BC's, SC's to SC’s, Muslims to Muslim, Christians to Christian and so on. Most of the people's notion, in this regard, is they believe that "their" candidate only will do some favour for their welfare. Unfortunately, the situation also has become like "their" candidate try his/her best to favour only to his/her caste or religion people. I think this might also be the reason why we have been hear the words like "politics is corrupted.

     In the issue of marriage too caste& religion words concern a lot to us. In order to find a suitable person to marry off, almost 90% (I should say 99% I think) parents search only for their "caste" person. This is mostly noticeable in Hindu & Islam religions (of course in other religions too). No matter what kind of person he/she is while they do so. Even an 'other caste' fellow is good-natured or a good employ or well-educated we don't bother. We don't concern them but only our caste fellow, though he/she doesn't possess the above mentioned things. This is the plight of inter-caste marriages prevailed in our society. Not to talk about Inter-religion marriages, as it is almost a herculean effort to make them in Indian society. I think these typical nuances are the root causes for most of the eloped love marriages in India.

     Another pathetic situation prevailed due to this 'caste-religion mania' is, even finding a house for rent in a city like Guntur has become a tough task. When one go to a house to ask for rent-house, that has a tagged to-let board, the owner seeks the details of the people, whether they belong to their religion. (religion is a vital issue in this regard more than ones caste) If they don't belong to their religion, the house-owner rejects to offer rent-house to them. No religious house-owners are exempted in this issue. A Muslim house-owner offers his rent house only to a Muslim family, likewise Hindu house owners and Christian house owners. One of my friends being a Muslim once made a frantic search to find a rent-home for his sister. As they were new to Guntur, it took almost three months for them to find a house for rent, eventually managed to find it only in Muslims locality. This has almost become unavoidable problem in the cities like Guntur. Why? What's wrong with other religion people? Aren't they humans like us? If a religion house-owner doesn't wish to provide his rent-home to 'others', doesn't he think that same situation will rise of his religion rent-holders too?
     Surprisingly, in entertainment field too this 'manodu (our hero)' influence is not exempted. We do like the entire movie actress. But, being driven by caste, most of fans showcase their reserved liking in this regard too. It is mostly noticeable in Hindu fans. We have Chowdary hero fans, Naidu hero fans, Reddy and other hero fans. Haven't we?
       Friends, we are living in advanced, highly-modern 21 Century. But, our mania for 'caste & religion' preference has grounded us to very deep old age levels. How come a person's caste or religion becomes a parameter to decide his/her conduct and competencies? We have read Mulk Raj Anand's classic novel, 'Untouchable' which touches upon the caste system and its abuses, and we well appreciated it. What did we learn with the gist of this great novel? Unfortunately, the novel's great message could not instill any impact on us. We have been carrying the legacy of this caste-religion influence to the future generations...
Just think of this,
     Can we contribute for the development of our society with this caste-religion mania?
I think these are unanswerable queries in our society. Until and unless we cast away this caste-religion favour, these queries will remain unanswerable.
All these are not fictitious invented views. These issues do exist in our society. Most of us might have faced any one of the above mentioned problems, mild or severe ones, in our life. Mightn't we?
What do you say...?

 

Yours,
Vali Basha Shaik
M. A. English, B. Ed, M. Phil (Pursuing)
Asst. Professor of English
Guntur.

Please add your comments on this article.

Thursday, 17 July 2014



A Shadow by R. K. Narayan

Question and Answers: -

1. Contrast Sambu's and his mother's responses to the film.

A: - A Shadow is one of the popular works of R. K. Narayan. The literal meaning of 'shadow' is simply, the reflection of a person or things. However in this lesson, the word 'shadow' has a symbolic meaning that denotes the harrowing (unpleasant) past experiences of a widow's husband, following her like a shadow.

                There is a film going to be released, in which Sambu's father acts as a hero. Sambu likes the film a lot. He eagerly waits for the releasing date of the film as he has been missed his father since his death. When he goes to the theater to see it, he enjoys every moment of the movie. He feels very happy to see his father walking, dressing, singing and everything. When he watches the action between his father and a girl, Kumari, he recollects his past experiences with his father at home. He even feels very disappointed when the movie ends and looks at the projection room as if his father has vanished into it. He wants to see the movie every day and he does so.

             In contrast, Sambu's mother does not even want to see her husband again on the film screen as he has passed away in the recent past. She does not hate her husband, in fact, but she just does not want to recollect her past experiences with her husband. IT is only due to the persistent requests of her son, Sambu, she goes to theatre to watch the film. He feels very discomfort to sit in the theater, accumulates all her courage to sit down in the hall. Her heart beats fast when she sees her husband walking, dressing, singing and playing with children. She feels the show as an affliction (a cause of pain) to her. Unable to bear to watch the movie, eventually (finally) she becomes fainted.

2. Why does Sambu's mother faint during the screening?

A: - A Shadow is one of the popular works of R. K. Narayan. The literal meaning of 'shadow' is simply, the reflection of a person or things. However in this lesson, the word 'shadow' has a symbolic meaning that denotes the harrowing (unpleasant) past experiences of a widow's husband, following her like a shadow.
          Sambu's mother does not want to recall the past memories of her husband. Perhaps, she does not want her husband commanding her for something. She does not also like to see her husband reclining (bending back to take rest) in a chair and absorbing (deeply involve) in newspaper without caring any family responsibility. Losing her temper for this behavior of her husband, she once in her past life has said, “You and your newspaper!" of which he does not bother it. When she watches the scene of her husband leaning back in a chair reading newspaper and shouting at Kumari, who is about to cry, Sambu's mother finds it difficult to control herself. She feels the total movie as an affliction to her. The scene is unbearable to her and that is why she sobs to a large extent, eventually breakdowns and faints in the hall.

Note: - Do not write the words that are there in the brackets in the examination. They are only meant for your better understanding of the lesson.

Wednesday, 16 July 2014



Vikram Sarabhai

Question and answers: -

1. Describe India's journey towards space.
A: - India's space programme began in the early 1960s. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research did its experiment with high altitude balloons to collect data. As magnetic equator passes through Thumba, near Trivandrum, at first the rocket launching station was established at Thumba. The first sounding rocket, Rohini 75 went up through Thumba station in 1967. India later planned to use US-built ATS-6 satellite during 1974-75 to try out experimental TV broadcasting to about 2000 Indian villages.

           The first satellite, Aryabhatta was launched from Soviet Russia in 1975, as India did not have a launching pad then. Later Bhaskara satellite was launched to get the details like movement of glaciers in the Himalayas. As Thumba rocket launching station was located in a densely populated area, Sriharikota of Andhra Pradesh was selected as a launching station. It was a deserted island and had the added advantage of the sea. In 1980, Rohini satellite was put in orbit by an Indian launch vehicle, SLV-3. The next attempt, Rohini-II did not succeed, it burnt up.

           Later APPLE satellite was sent into orbit. With APPLE, Indian space exploration entered another phase. India's INSAT-I series satellites are currently providing telephone and television links and taking meteorological pictures. India's remote sensing satellites are basically meant for earth's observation. There are helping in mining, agriculture, in assessing ocean resources and assisting oil exploration.

        For all this and much more Indians have to thank Vikram Sarabhai as he was the architect of space programme in India.

2. 'Space exploration...had immense benefit to offer to a country of India's size with its innumerable problems.' Identify the benefits.
A: - We can explain the benefits of space exploration in the words of Vikram Sarabhai himself. To the question 'why should India venture into space?' he replies that it was a quickest way to success. If India had satellites of her own, messages can be transmitted in a matter of seconds and important information can be gained easily. India's INSAT-1 series satellites particularly provide telephone and television links. They also enable us to take meteorological pictures. India's remote sensing satellites are helping us in mining, agriculture, in assessing (estimate) ocean resources and in bringing out oil exploration. With the help of communication satellites, we can pass the information on nutrition, health and agriculture to the village-dwellers/people.

3. What advantages did Sarabhai bring about in the scientific world in India?
A: - Vikram Sarabhai is one of the greatest personalities in the scientific world of India. He brought about number of changes in the scientific world of India. But he is chiefly remembered as an architect of the space age in India. In fact, he set the stage for India's take-off into space age.

           Sarabhai established a research station at Gulmarg in 1954 which was later expanded into a full-fledged high altitude laboratory. Most of the people of the world were dismissive about India's chances of success in space technology. Sarabhai had the foresight, courage and confidence to launch India into space age even when most of the Indian scientists were in no mood to do any further space research.

         With the help of Vikram Sarabhai's efforts, we were able to launch number of satellites like Aryabhatta, the first Indian satellite, Bhaskara, Rohini and APPLE etc. Besides these, India launched communication satellites like, INSAT-I series and remote sensing satellites. All these satellites are helping us in mining, agriculture, assessing ocean and oil resources, and providing telephone and television links and taking meteorological pictures etc. For all this we have to thank Vikram Sarabhai.

            The initiations of Homi Jahangir Bhabha like, atomic energy technology, power plants, heavy water plants and nuclear fuel complex etc. were taken over by Sarabhai. Sarabhai marched all these fields to the pinnacles of success. In his view, there had to be a close relation between basic science, technology and the industry to achieve maximum efficiency. Thus, Sarabhai brought a new totality of approach to science.

4. Trace Sarabhai's work relating to atomic energy.
A: - Sarabhai took over the chairmanship of the Atomic Energy Department when Homi Jahangir Bhabha died in 1966. It is true that Bhabha's efforts had introduced atomic energy technology in India. While, Bhabha laid the foundation of atomic energy, Sarabhai led it to the success levels in India. During Sarabhai's time Reactor Physics, which is related to power production had made unimagined progress and nuclear technology was a wide, varied and highly sophisticated field.

            Like Bhabha, Sarabhai also committed to a large atomic programme, particularly to the building of fast breeder reactors. He gave special priority to the Cyclotron project at Calcutta, which is now an advanced Centre for Nuclear Research and the best of its kind in Asia.

 

                

  

 

Monday, 14 July 2014



The Secret of Work

Question and Answers

1. How, according to Swami Vivekananda, can people be made completely free of misery?
A: - Swami Vivekananda is one of the greatest philosophers of India. In his essay, 'The Secret of Work' he opines that miseries of the world cannot be cured by mundane (worldly) things. Our needs in this world are unlimited and until man's character changes, one’s physical needs will always arise, and miseries will always be felt. No amount of physical help or worldly help will remove them completely. The only solution that Vivekananda suggests to this problem is, to make mankind pure. He suggests that mankind should have ‘light’ in their hand. One should be spiritually strong and educated. A spiritually strong man will be strong in every other thing he wishes. Then only miseries of the world will come to an end. If we can do this, he says that we may even convert every house into a charitable asylum.

2. What is the nature of work according to the writer? In what spirit should it be done?
A: - In order to explain the nature of work, Vivekananda quotes the words of the Bhagavad Gita, which suggests to work incessantly (continuously). We cannot do any work which will not do some good somewhere. Likewise, there cannot also be any work which will not cause some harm somewhere. Hence, he says that every work necessarily is a mixture of good and evil. Yet we must work incessantly. While good and evil both have their consequences. Good action will result in good effect on us and bad action bad. But both good and bad actions bind us in chains.
        Hence, he says that we should not have attachment with the works we do. He says we should solve this problem as the Gita suggests, 'work incessantly but be not attached to it'.
3. How does the idea of 'Samskara' explained in the essay?
A: - The word 'Samskara' means 'inherent tendency'. Vivekananda opines that whatever action we do, which is either good or bad, leaves lasting (continuous) impressions in our mind and they don't die out entirely. These actions leave a mark of impressions in our mind. By using a simile (making a comparison) of a lake for the mind, he says that no wave of the lake that rises in it like our actions dies out entirely, but it leaves a mark and there is every possibility of that wave or action coming out again. This possibility of the reappearing of wave or actions is called 'Samskara'. Every work that we do, every movement of our body and every thought that we think leaves such an impression on the mind stuff. Even these impressions are not obvious (appear) on the surface, they work in the subconscious region of the mind. Vivekananda opines that each man's character is determined by the sum total of these impressions. These impressions decide one's character too.
4. What does Vivekananda want to convey by drawing a comparison between a human being and a tortoise?
A: - Vivekananda opines that a man of character can be compared with a tortoise. As tortoise hides its feet and head inside the shell and will not come out unless it wishes, even though we may break the shell into pieces. Likewise, a man of character will never deviate from his ideal principles and norms. He will totally have control over his motives, his thought process and over his physical organs.
          Vivekananda says that a man of character will not commit evils or sins even in the moments of extreme difficulties. Even when he is placed in any company, under any typical circumstance there is no danger for him and he will not commit evil actions. He controls his inner forces and nothing can deviate him from his right path and from his strong will. This is what Vivekananda wants to convey with this comparison.
 
5. What does the essay tell us about being 'unattached' in all that we do?
A: - The essay tells us that we should work incessantly but we should not have any attachment with it. We all should work incessantly but we should not let our actions produce a deep impression on the mind, it should be unaffected with our works or thoughts of work. The essay also tells us that in this world, most of the people work like slaves and their work is slaves work. We cannot find happiness with this kind of tedious (boring; monotonous) work but can only misery. Vivekananda, in this essay, opines that our work for the things of the world is also selfish work. That is why we are unable to find any happiness in our work but only misery. If we have constant attachment with the things of this world like slaves, there cannot be happiness in our life. 'Attachment comes only where we expect something in return'.
        Hence Vivekananda says to be unattached. Attachment is bondage. 'Bondage is terrible'. So we should be free from this bondage, be unattached from all that we do. Moreover to this, in long time, we can achieve this detachment by counteracting bad tendencies with good ones, later good ones respectively. Thus attached becomes completely unattached.
6. What are the two ways in which we can work without expecting anything in return?
A: - There are two effective ways which we can work without expecting anything in return. The first one is 'love'. When we do some work having love in it, we will find happiness in it. Every act of love, as Vivekananda opines, brings happiness. There is no act of love which does not bring peace and blessedness in its result. We should love others like we love the members of our family, relatives and beloved ones.
           The second way in which we can work without expecting anything in return is to become free. We should be free from the attachment with this world. We can attain (achieve) it only when we do not expect anything in return of whatever we do for others. Vivekananda remarks that we do love our children do anything for them without expecting anything in return. Likewise, we should assume(have) the same attitude towards anybody we come across in our life as we have towards our children- whatever we do for any person, a city or a state. Hence we should be free from attachment with the things of the world. We should work like masters of our mind to make ourselves free from the bondage of nature. Then we can see nature clearly as she (nature) is.
      

Note: - do not write the words in the brackets. These words are meant only for your understanding of the queries.